Urban ecology refers to the intersection of natural and human-built environments and socio-economic aspects. It's a fact within the last 50 years, the ecosystems have changed more rapidly and dynamically than in any other time in history.  The biodiversity that makes human life and well-being possible are at risk nowadays more than ever before.

Unsustainable development has resulted in the irreversible loss of biodiversity: approximately 60% of the ecosystems examined during the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005 were being degraded or used in an unsustainable way. Among the tools to reverse this situation, the aspects of resilience and urban ecosystems, policies to tackle climate change, manage natural resources and risks caused by natural disasters are crucial.